Well-developed technique allows the athlete to decelerate and change direction (or execute another skill) in a superior manner. SSC function is influenced by the rate, magnitude, and load of the stretch, and depends on a short delay between the eccentric and concentric action. Termed a stretch-shortening cycle (SSC), this can greatly enhance force production. If used well, the stretch load provided by the eccentric action can contribute greatly to the production of force in the following concentric (shortening) action. The key to reduction and then production of force, as in decelerating from a sprint before changing direction, is using the stretch load inherent to the eccentric action. Performing this task effectively is a key to multidirectional speed and agility. Simply put, the athlete must reduce force (decelerate) and produce force (accelerate) in some manner, such as changing direction, jumping, tackling, and so on. For example, an athlete may decelerate and then push off to change direction. Although the initial body lean is rearward, as athletes slow, they are often required to undertake a sport-based task, which requires them to assume a traditional athletic position and the associated forward lean.Ĭommon to most situations in which deceleration occurs is the need to initiate a propulsive force soon after the deceleration. Figure 2.7 illustrates the slight rearward lean and flexion (absorption of force) through the lower body to decelerate. The arms continue to oppose the movements of the lower body, aiding in the absorption of force and providing help to control the athlete’s balance and center of mass. The muscles in this action decelerate the movement of the body’s mass under a high eccentric (lengthening action) load, controlling the rate of deceleration to either a standstill or to a speed at which a change of direction or skill can be executed. The extent of the lean depends on the initial velocity of the athlete. This action is aided by an initial rearward body lean, which is opposite to that of acceleration. T o decelerate effectively, the athlete must absorb force, primarily through flexion of the ankle, knee, and hip. For example, a ball carrier in rugby may decelerate to prepare for a cutting action ahead of a defender, and a tennis player may decelerate and execute a stroke while running laterally. Depending on the sport, these changes in direction can occur from different approaches. Deceleration in court and field sports is important when executing certain skills (e.g., a receiver rapidly decelerating to create space from a defender to receive a pass) and to change direction.
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